Forensic Documentation of Human Subjects Using Conventional and Advanced Imaging Techniques

The forensic documentation of human subjects and evidence—whether in clinical or postmortem settings—requires specialized photographic expertise informed by equal parts photography, medicine, and forensic science. Historically treated as a secondary or ancillary record, photographic documentation has evolved into a primary component of the medico-legal investigation, driven by advances in imaging technology, increasing evidentiary scrutiny, and the growing reliance on photographic records for analysis, interpretation, and courtroom presentation.

This lecture examines the modern role of forensic photography in documenting injuries, identifying features, and other relevant findings under challenging conditions. Common visual obstacles—such as bodily fluids, reflective surfaces, burns, decomposition, dark or thermally altered skin, and complex environmental substrates—can obscure critical detail and complicate interpretation when using conventional imaging alone. Emphasis is placed on understanding the interaction between light, biological tissues, and materials, and how this knowledge informs the strategic use of lighting, filters, and multispectral imaging techniques.

Through a practical discussion of conventional and advanced imaging methodologies, the lecture explores criteria for producing defensible photographic evidence, the application of multispectral imaging to reduce visual noise and enhance contrast, and the documentation of surface and subsurface features that may be invisible under standard photographic conditions. Best practices, quality standards, and the evolving technical and interpretive responsibilities of the forensic photographer are highlighted, reinforcing the need for standardized, modernized photographic practices within forensic services.